What happens when a country’s young adults are outnumbered by its seniors? That’s the new reality in South Korea, where the number of people in their twenties has just dipped below those aged 70 and over. It’s a turning point that could have a ripple effect across society, the workforce, and even global economics.

Understanding South Korea’s Demographic Shift

South Korea has long been known for its rapid economic growth and vibrant pop culture, but it’s now making headlines for something very different: a shrinking youth population. According to recent data from Statistics Korea, there are now fewer people in their 20s than there are in the 70-plus age bracket. While the country’s overall population has been aging for years, this milestone is especially striking because it highlights just how quickly the balance is shifting.

Several factors are driving this dramatic change:

• Low birth rates: South Korea has one of the world’s lowest fertility rates—a record low of 0.72 in 2023, according to BBC News.
• Longer life expectancy: Advances in healthcare mean people are living well into their 80s and beyond.
• Delaying or opting out of marriage and children: More young Koreans are focusing on careers, personal freedom, or citing high living costs as reasons to remain single or child-free.
• Emigration: Some young adults are leaving South Korea for opportunities abroad.

This isn’t just a story about numbers—it’s about how a society adapts when the age pyramid flips.

Why Is South Korea’s 20s Population Shrinking?

The drop in South Korea’s 20s population comes down to deep-rooted social and economic issues. The cost of raising children is high, especially in cities like Seoul. Many young Koreans face intense academic pressure and job competition. As a result, starting families is often put on hold—or abandoned altogether.

Korea’s government has tried several initiatives to encourage higher birth rates, including financial incentives and expanded childcare options. Yet so far, these efforts haven’t turned things around. You can read more about these challenges and policies in reports by United Nations DESA.

The Impact on Korean Society and Economy

So what does all this mean for daily life and the country’s future? Here are some areas likely to feel the effects:

• Workforce shortages: With fewer young adults entering the job market, businesses could struggle to find workers.
• Pension pressures: A larger elderly population means more people relying on government support and fewer taxpayers supporting them.
• Education changes: Schools and universities may see enrollment drop as there are simply fewer students.
• Housing market shifts: Demand could fall in some areas as the population ages and shrinks.
• Cultural transformation: With traditions around family and care evolving, new ways of community living may emerge.

South Korea isn’t alone—countries like Japan and Italy are facing similar trends—but its pace of change is among the fastest in the world.

An Anecdote: On the Street in Seoul

Not long ago, a walk through Seoul’s Hongdae neighborhood would mean bumping into crowds of college students and young professionals—catching up over coffee or heading out for karaoke. Lately, some cafes have started offering discounts for seniors during off-peak hours. A barista mentioned that it’s not uncommon now to see small groups of retirees enjoying an afternoon out together—a subtle but unmistakable sign of changing times.

What’s Next for South Korea?

The fact that South Korea’s 20s population is now smaller than its 70+ group raises important questions. Will the country adapt through new technology and automation? Could immigration help fill gaps? Or might policies evolve to support both younger and older generations in new ways?

It’s a complex challenge—and one that many developed countries may soon share. How do you think societies should respond when their age balance tips so dramatically?